Swiss recommendations for the diagnosis, management and follow-up of post-COVID condition in primary care medicine (2023)

Mayssan Nehme; Lara Diem; Claudio L. A. Bassetti; Idris Guessous

doi:10.57187/s.3468

Viewpoint

Vol. 153 No. 9 (2023)

Swiss recommendations for the diagnosis, management and follow-up of post-COVID condition in primary care medicine (2023)

Mayssan Nehme
Lara Diem
Claudio L. A. Bassetti
Idris Guessous

Cite this as:: Swiss Med Wkly. 2023;153:3468
Published: 18.09.2023

Summary

No abstract available.

References

World Health Organization. A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus. Last updated October 6, 2021 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/345824/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post-COVID-19-condition-Clinical-case-definition-2021.1-eng.pdf [Access October 10, 2021].
Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 Mar;21(3):133–46. 10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2
Bundesamt für Gesundheit: Coronavirus: Situation Schweiz; [Available from: https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/de/home/krankheiten/ausbrueche-epidemien-pandemien/aktuelle-ausbrueche-epidemien/novel-cov/situation-schweiz-und-international.html
Stefano GB. Historical Insight into Infections and Disorders Associated with Neurological and Psychiatric Sequelae Similar to Long COVID. Med Sci Monit. 2021 Feb;27:e931447. 10.12659/MSM.931447
Choutka J, Jansari V, Hornig M, Iwasaki A. Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes [Erratum in: Nat Med. 2022 Aug;28] [8] [:1723. PMID: 35585196]. Nat Med. 2022 May;28(5):911–23. 10.1038/s41591-022-01810-6
Nehme M, Ducrot A, Salmon D, Guessous I. Post-Covid: nouveautés 2022 et prochaines étapes [Post-Covid: 2022 updates and next steps.]. Rev Med Suisse. 2023 Feb 1;19(812):160-166. French. doi: 10.53738/REVMED.2023.19.812.160. PMID: 36723639.
Nehme M, Vetter P, Chappuis F, Kaiser L, Covicare Study Team, Guessous I. Prevalence of post-COVID Condition 12 Weeks after Omicron Infection Compared to Negative Controls and Association with Vaccination Status [in publication].
Corinne C. MediX long COVID recommendations https://www.medix.ch/wissen/guidelines/long-covid-factsheet/ [Last updated April 2023].
Nehme M, Braillard O, Chappuis F, Covicare study team, Guessous I. The chronification of post-COVID condition associated with neurocognitive symptoms, functional impairment and increased healthcare utilization. Scientific Reports [Accepted, in publication].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Post-exertional malaise (PEM) [Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/healthcare-providers/clinical-care-patients-mecfs/treating-most-disruptive-symptoms.html
Bach K. New data shows long Covid is keeping as many as 4 million people out of work. Brookings Institute. Aug 24, 2022.
Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève. Prise en charge des patients souffrant de séquelles à long terme d’une infection au SARS-CoV-2. Fevrier 2021 - mise à jour Novembre 2021 https://www.hug.ch/sites/interhug/files/structures/coronavirus/guidelines-postcovid-29112021.pdf
Bassetti CL, Helbok R, Adorjan K, Falkai P. European Psychiatric Association-European Academy of Neurology statement on post-COVID syndrome. Eur J Neurol. 2023 Jan;30(1):294–5. 10.1111/ene.15572
Beghi E, Helbok R, Crean M, Chou SH, McNett M, Moro E, et al.; EAN Neuro-COVID Task Force. The European Academy of Neurology COVID-19 registry (ENERGY): an international instrument for surveillance of neurological complications in patients with COVID-19. Eur J Neurol. 2021 Oct;28(10):3303–23. 10.1111/ene.14652
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05497089 trial. Temelimab as a Disease Modifying Therapy in Patients With Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Post-COVID 19 or PASC Syndrome https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05497089 [Last accessed January 20, 2023].
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05118711 Sequelae of COVID-19 With Focus on Exercise Capacity and Underlying Mechanisms (COR-PHYS) https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05118711 [Last accessed July 11, 2023].
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05890534 Pycnogenol® in Post-COVID-19 Condition (PYCNOVID) https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05890534 [Last accessed July 11, 2023].
Ducrot A, Nehme M, Sum Yu W. RAFAEL team, Schneider F, Posday-Barbe K, Guessous I. Summary of clinical trials for post-COVID condition https://www.rafael-postcovid.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/ClinicalTrials-Version%20professionnels.pdf

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Swiss recommendations for the diagnosis, management and follow-up of post-COVID condition in primary care medicine (2023). Swiss Med Wkly [Internet]. 2023 Sep. 18 [cited 2025 Oct. 20];153(9):3468 . Available from: https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/3468

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DOI:: https://doi.org/10.57187/s.3468

[1] World Health Organization. A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus. Last updated October 6, 2021 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/345824/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post-COVID-19-condition-Clinical-case-definition-2021.1-eng.pdf [Access October 10, 2021].

[2] Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 Mar;21(3):133–46. 10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2

[3] Bundesamt für Gesundheit: Coronavirus: Situation Schweiz; [Available from: https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/de/home/krankheiten/ausbrueche-epidemien-pandemien/aktuelle-ausbrueche-epidemien/novel-cov/situation-schweiz-und-international.html

[4] Stefano GB. Historical Insight into Infections and Disorders Associated with Neurological and Psychiatric Sequelae Similar to Long COVID. Med Sci Monit. 2021 Feb;27:e931447. 10.12659/MSM.931447

[5] Choutka J, Jansari V, Hornig M, Iwasaki A. Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes [Erratum in: Nat Med. 2022 Aug;28] [8] [:1723. PMID: 35585196]. Nat Med. 2022 May;28(5):911–23. 10.1038/s41591-022-01810-6

[6] Nehme M, Ducrot A, Salmon D, Guessous I. Post-Covid: nouveautés 2022 et prochaines étapes [Post-Covid: 2022 updates and next steps.]. Rev Med Suisse. 2023 Feb 1;19(812):160-166. French. doi: 10.53738/REVMED.2023.19.812.160. PMID: 36723639.

[7] Nehme M, Vetter P, Chappuis F, Kaiser L, Covicare Study Team, Guessous I. Prevalence of post-COVID Condition 12 Weeks after Omicron Infection Compared to Negative Controls and Association with Vaccination Status [in publication].

[8] Corinne C. MediX long COVID recommendations https://www.medix.ch/wissen/guidelines/long-covid-factsheet/ [Last updated April 2023].

[9] Nehme M, Braillard O, Chappuis F, Covicare study team, Guessous I. The chronification of post-COVID condition associated with neurocognitive symptoms, functional impairment and increased healthcare utilization. Scientific Reports [Accepted, in publication].

[10] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Post-exertional malaise (PEM) [Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/healthcare-providers/clinical-care-patients-mecfs/treating-most-disruptive-symptoms.html

[11] Bach K. New data shows long Covid is keeping as many as 4 million people out of work. Brookings Institute. Aug 24, 2022.

[12] Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève. Prise en charge des patients souffrant de séquelles à long terme d’une infection au SARS-CoV-2. Fevrier 2021 - mise à jour Novembre 2021 https://www.hug.ch/sites/interhug/files/structures/coronavirus/guidelines-postcovid-29112021.pdf

[13] Bassetti CL, Helbok R, Adorjan K, Falkai P. European Psychiatric Association-European Academy of Neurology statement on post-COVID syndrome. Eur J Neurol. 2023 Jan;30(1):294–5. 10.1111/ene.15572

[14] Beghi E, Helbok R, Crean M, Chou SH, McNett M, Moro E, et al.; EAN Neuro-COVID Task Force. The European Academy of Neurology COVID-19 registry (ENERGY): an international instrument for surveillance of neurological complications in patients with COVID-19. Eur J Neurol. 2021 Oct;28(10):3303–23. 10.1111/ene.14652

[15] Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05497089 trial. Temelimab as a Disease Modifying Therapy in Patients With Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Post-COVID 19 or PASC Syndrome https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05497089 [Last accessed January 20, 2023].

[16] Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05118711 Sequelae of COVID-19 With Focus on Exercise Capacity and Underlying Mechanisms (COR-PHYS) https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05118711 [Last accessed July 11, 2023].

[17] Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05890534 Pycnogenol® in Post-COVID-19 Condition (PYCNOVID) https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05890534 [Last accessed July 11, 2023].

[18] Ducrot A, Nehme M, Sum Yu W. RAFAEL team, Schneider F, Posday-Barbe K, Guessous I. Summary of clinical trials for post-COVID condition https://www.rafael-postcovid.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/ClinicalTrials-Version%20professionnels.pdf