Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
##common.pageHeaderLogo.altText##

Review article: Biomedical intelligence

Vol. 151 No. 0910 (2021)

Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis – a stepwise therapeutic approach

  • Nils C. Nuessle
  • Esther Vögelin
  • Stefanie Hirsiger
DOI
https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2021.20465
Cite this as:
Swiss Med Wkly. 2021;151:w20465
Published
11.03.2021

Summary

Osteoarthritis of the trapeziometarcarpal joint, also called rhizarthrosis, is a common finding in the second half of life. It has a higher prevalence in females and is of growing importance in ageing societies. A variety of conservative and surgical treatment options are known, including conservative treatment up to joint replacement. Without treatment, rhizarthrosis can lead to disabling pain and loss of hand function. The goal of this overview of treatment options is to present a stepwise approach that can be initiated by any physician.

Treatment of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis should be started early with conservative measures such as splinting and physical therapy, which can be supplemented by oral and topical analgesics and local infiltrations subsequently. If all of these interventions do not provide sufficient relief, referral to a hand surgeon should be considered.

Surgical strategies vary from arthroscopic debridement over trapeziectomy, with or without tendon interposition and ligament reconstruction, to interposition implants and total joint replacements. The planned intervention should be based on clinical and subjective functional limitations and associated degenerative changes, as well as the patient’s expectations and needs.

The goal of this paper is to develop a treatment algorithm, leading to higher levels of patient functionality and satisfaction. Below we discuss the current literature and point out key treatment options used in our department.

References

  1. Armstrong AL, Hunter JB, Davis TR. The prevalence of degenerative arthritis of the base of the thumb in post-menopausal women. J Hand Surg [Br]. 1994;19(3):340–1. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(94)90085-X
  2. Swigart CR, Eaton RG, Glickel SZ, Johnson C. Splinting in the treatment of arthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint. J Hand Surg Am. 1999;24(1):86–91. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.1999.jhsu24a0086
  3. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Guidance. Osteoarthritis: Care and Management in Adults. London: NICE; 2014.
  4. Botha-Scheepers S, Riyazi N, Watt I, Rosendaal FR, Slagboom E, Bellamy N, et al. Progression of hand osteoarthritis over 2 years: a clinical and radiological follow-up study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(8):1260–4. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2008.087981
  5. Dahaghin S, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Ginai AZ, Pols HA, Hazes JM, Koes BW. Prevalence and pattern of radiographic hand osteoarthritis and association with pain and disability (the Rotterdam study). Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(5):682–7. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2004.023564
  6. Wolf JM, Delaronde S. Current trends in nonoperative and operative treatment of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis: a survey of US hand surgeons. J Hand Surg Am. 2012;37(1):77–82. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.10.010
  7. Wilkens SC, Meghpara MM, Ring D, Coert JH, Jupiter JB, Chen NC. Trapeziometacarpal Arthrosis. JBJS Rev. 2019;7(1):e8. doi:.https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.RVW.18.00020
  8. McQuillan TJ, Kenney D, Crisco JJ, Weiss AP, Ladd AL. Weaker Functional Pinch Strength Is Associated With Early Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016;474(2):557–61. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-015-4599-9
  9. Hamasaki T, Laprise S, Harris PG, Bureau NJ, Gaudreault N, Ziegler D, et al. Efficacy of non-surgical interventions for trapeziometacarpal (thumb base) osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020;72(12):1719–35. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.24084
  10. Ladd AL, Weiss AP, Crisco JJ, Hagert E, Wolf JM, Glickel SZ, et al. The thumb carpometacarpal joint: anatomy, hormones, and biomechanics. Instr Course Lect. 2013;62:165–79.
  11. Berger AJ, Meals RA. Management of osteoarthrosis of the thumb joints. J Hand Surg Am. 2015;40(4):843–50. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.11.026
  12. Jensen JC, Sherson D. Work-related bilateral osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joints. Occup Med (Lond). 2007;57(6):456–60. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqm029
  13. Wolf JM, Schreier S, Tomsick S, Williams A, Petersen B. Radiographic laxity of the trapeziometacarpal joint is correlated with generalized joint hypermobility. J Hand Surg Am. 2011;36(7):1165–9. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.03.017
  14. Jónsson H, Valtýsdóttir ST, Kjartansson O, Brekkan A. Hypermobility associated with osteoarthritis of the thumb base: a clinical and radiological subset of hand osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1996;55(8):540–3. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.55.8.540
  15. Hamasaki T, Lalonde L, Harris P, Bureau NJ, Gaudreault N, Ziegler D, et al. Efficacy of treatments and pain management for trapeziometacarpal (thumb base) osteoarthritis: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2015;5(10):e008904. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008904
  16. Eaton RG, Glickel SZ. Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Staging as a rationale for treatment. Hand Clin. 1987;3(4):455–71.
  17. Kennedy CD, Manske MC, Huang JI. Classifications in Brief: The Eaton-Littler Classification of Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Arthrosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016;474(12):2729–33. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-016-4864-6
  18. Cernohorsky P, Strackee SD, Streekstra GJ, van den Wijngaard JP, Spaan JAE, Siebes M, et al. Computed Tomography-Mediated Registration of Trapeziometacarpal Articular Cartilage Using Intraarticular Optical Coherence Tomography and Cryomicrotome Imaging: A Cadaver Study. Cartilage. 2019:1947603519860247. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1177/1947603519860247
  19. Hayashi D, Roemer FW, Guermazi A. Imaging of osteoarthritis-recent research developments and future perspective. Br J Radiol. 2018;91(1085):20170349. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20170349
  20. van Rijn SF, de Vries MR, Kraan GA. The use of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography to differentiate between pain arising from trapeziometacarpal joint and scaphotrapeziotrapezoid joint osteoarthritis. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2016;41(7):776–7. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1177/1753193415606070
  21. Strobel K, van der Bruggen W, Hug U, Gnanasegaran G, Kampen WU, Kuwert T, et al. SPECT/CT in Postoperative Hand and Wrist Pain. Semin Nucl Med. 2018;48(5):396–409. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.05.001
  22. Badia A. Trapeziometacarpal arthroscopy: a classification and treatment algorithm. Hand Clin. 2006;22(2):153–63. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcl.2006.02.006
  23. Buhler M, Chapple CM, Stebbings S, Sangelaji B, Baxter GD. Effectiveness of splinting for pain and function in people with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019;27(4):547–59. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2018.09.012
  24. Valdes K, Marik T. A systematic review of conservative interventions for osteoarthritis of the hand. J Hand Ther. 2010;23(4):334–50, quiz 351. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2010.05.001
  25. Villafañe JH, Langford D, Alguacil-Diego IM, Fernández-Carnero J. Management of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis pain and dysfunction using mobilization with movement technique in combination with kinesiology tape: a case report. J Chiropr Med. 2013;12(2):79–86. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2013.06.001
  26. Ahern M, Skyllas J, Wajon A, Hush J. The effectiveness of physical therapies for patients with base of thumb osteoarthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2018;35:46–54. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2018.02.005
  27. Spaans AJ, van Minnen LP, Kon M, Schuurman AH, Schreuders AR, Vermeulen GM. Conservative treatment of thumb base osteoarthritis: a systematic review. J Hand Surg Am. 2015;40(1):16–21.e6. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.08.047
  28. Valdes K, von der Heyde R. An exercise program for carpometacarpal osteoarthritis based on biomechanical principles. J Hand Ther. 2012;25(3):251–62, quiz 263. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2012.03.008
  29. O’Brien VH, Giveans MR. Effects of a dynamic stability approach in conservative intervention of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb: a retrospective study. J Hand Ther. 2013;26(1):44–51, quiz 52. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2012.10.005
  30. Østerås N, Kjeken I, Smedslund G, Moe RH, Slatkowsky-Christensen B, Uhlig T, et al. Exercise for Hand Osteoarthritis: A Cochrane Systematic Review. J Rheumatol. 2017;44(12):1850–8. doi:.https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.170424
  31. Kloppenburg M, Kroon FP, Blanco FJ, Doherty M, Dziedzic KS, Greibrokk E, et al. 2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of hand osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(1):16–24. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213826
  32. Hochberg MC, Altman RD, April KT, Benkhalti M, Guyatt G, McGowan J, et al.; American College of Rheumatology. American College of Rheumatology 2012 recommendations for the use of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies in osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(4):465–74. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.21596
  33. Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Rannou F, Cooper C. Efficacy and safety of oral NSAIDs and analgesics in the management of osteoarthritis: Evidence from real-life setting trials and surveys. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;45(4, Suppl):S22–7. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.11.009
  34. McCarthy GM, McCarty DJ. Effect of topical capsaicin in the therapy of painful osteoarthritis of the hands. J Rheumatol. 1992;19(4):604–7.
  35. Laslett LL, Jones G. Capsaicin for osteoarthritis pain. Prog Drug Res. 2014;68:277–91.
  36. Gabay C, Medinger-Sadowski C, Gascon D, Kolo F, Finckh A. Symptomatic effects of chondroitin 4 and chondroitin 6 sulfate on hand osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial at a single center. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(11):3383–91. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1002/art.30574
  37. Reginster JY, Neuprez A, Lecart MP, Sarlet N, Bruyere O. Role of glucosamine in the treatment for osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32(10):2959–67. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-012-2416-2
  38. Rovetta GMP. Dexketoprofen-trometamol in patients with osteoarthritis of the hands. Minerva Ortop Traumatol. 2001;52(1):27–30.
  39. McKendry RTC, Weisman M. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) versus acetaminophen (ACM) versus placebo (PL) in the treatment of nodal osteoarthritis (NOA) of the hands. J Rheumatol. 2001;28:1421.
  40. Fowler A, Swindells MG, Burke FD. Intra-articular corticosteroid injections to manage trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis-a systematic review. Hand (N Y). 2015;10(4):583–92. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11552-015-9778-3
  41. Swindells MG, Logan AJ, Armstrong DJ, Chan P, Burke FD, Lindau TR. The benefit of radiologically-guided steroid injections for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2010;92(8):680–4. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1308/003588410X12699663905078
  42. Rocchi L, Merolli A, Giordani L, Albensi C, Foti C. Trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis: a prospective trial on two widespread conservative therapies. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2018;7(4):603–10. doi:.https://doi.org/10.32098/mltj.04.2017.16
  43. Day CS, Gelberman R, Patel AA, Vogt MT, Ditsios K, Boyer MI. Basal joint osteoarthritis of the thumb: a prospective trial of steroid injection and splinting. J Hand Surg Am. 2004;29(2):247–51. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2003.12.002
  44. Riley N, Vella-Baldacchino M, Thurley N, Hopewell S, Carr AJ, Dean BJF. Injection therapy for base of thumb osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9(9):e027507. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027507
  45. Herold C, Rennekampff HO, Groddeck R, Allert S. Autologous Fat Transfer for Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;140(2):327–35. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000003510
  46. Baker RHJ, Al-Shukri J, Davis TRC. Evidence-Based Medicine: Thumb Basal Joint Arthritis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;139(1):256e–66e. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000002858
  47. Klionsky DJ, Abdelmohsen K, Abe A, Abedin MJ, Abeliovich H, Acevedo Arozena A, et al. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition). Autophagy. 2016;12(1):1–222. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356
  48. Zafonte B, Szabo RM. Evidence-based medicine in hand surgery: clinical applications and future direction. Hand Clin. 2014;30(3):269–83, v. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcl.2014.04.005
  49. Vermeulen GM, Slijper H, Feitz R, Hovius SE, Moojen TM, Selles RW. Surgical management of primary thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: a systematic review. J Hand Surg Am. 2011;36(1):157–69. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.10.028
  50. Raven EE, Kerkhoffs GM, Rutten S, Marsman AJ, Marti RK, Albers GH. Long term results of surgical intervention for osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint : comparison of resection arthroplasty, trapeziectomy with tendon interposition and trapezio-metacarpal arthrodesis. Int Orthop. 2007;31(4):547–54. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-006-0217-5
  51. Huang K, Hollevoet N, Giddins G. Thumb carpometacarpal joint total arthroplasty: a systematic review. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2015;40(4):338–50. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1177/1753193414563243
  52. Yuan BJ, Moran SL, Tay SC, Berger RA. Trapeziectomy and carpal collapse. J Hand Surg Am. 2009;34(2):219–27. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.11.007
  53. Marks M, Hensler S, Wehrli M, Scheibler AG, Schindele S, Herren DB. Trapeziectomy With Suspension-Interposition Arthroplasty for Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Use of Allograft Versus Flexor Carpi Radialis Tendon. J Hand Surg Am. 2017;42(12):978–86. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.07.023
  54. Wajon A, Vinycomb T, Carr E, Edmunds I, Ada L. Surgery for thumb (trapeziometacarpal joint) osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(2):CD004631.
  55. Yang Y, Tien HY, Kumar KK, Chen S, Li Z, Tian W, et al. Ligament reconstruction with tendon interposition arthroplasty for first carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis. Chin Med J (Engl). 2014;127(22):3921–5.
  56. Yang SS, Weiland AJ. First metacarpal subsidence during pinch after ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition basal joint arthroplasty of the thumb. J Hand Surg Am. 1998;23(5):879–83. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-5023(98)80167-6
  57. Gangopadhyay S, McKenna H, Burke FD, Davis TR. Five- to 18-year follow-up for treatment of trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis: a prospective comparison of excision, tendon interposition, and ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition. J Hand Surg Am. 2012;37(3):411–7. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.11.027
  58. Tay SC, Moran SL, Shin AY, Linscheid RL. The clinical implications of scaphotrapezium-trapezoidal arthritis with associated carpal instability. J Hand Surg Am. 2007;32(1):47–54. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2006.10.021
  59. Ceruso M, Munz G, Carulli C, Virgili G, Viviani A, Hollevoet N, et al. Thumb TMC Joint Osteo-Arthritis. In: Giddins G, Leblebicioğlu G (eds). Evidence Based Data In Hand Surgery And Therapy. St Gallen: FESSH; 2017. pp 368–428
  60. Wachtl SW, Guggenheim PR, Sennwald GR. Cemented and non-cemented replacements of the trapeziometacarpal joint. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998;80-B(1):121–5. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.80B1.0800121
  61. van Cappelle HG, Elzenga P, van Horn JR. Long-term results and loosening analysis of de la Caffinière replacements of the trapeziometacarpal joint. J Hand Surg Am. 1999;24(3):476–82. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.1999.0476
  62. Giddins G. Thumb arthroplasties. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2012;37(7):603–4. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1177/1753193412455988
  63. Degeorge B, Dagneaux L, Andrin J, Lazerges C, Coulet B, Chammas M. Do trapeziometacarpal prosthesis provide better metacarpophalangeal stability than trapeziectomy and ligamentoplasty? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2018;104(7):1095–100. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2018.07.008
  64. Jager T, Barbary S, Dap F, Dautel G. Analyse de la douleur postopératoire et des résultats fonctionnels précoces dans le traitement de la rhizarthrose. Étude prospective comparative de 74 patientes trapézectomie-interposition vs prothèse MAIA® [Evaluation of postoperative pain and early functional results in the treatment of carpometacarpal joint arthritis. Comparative prospective study of trapeziectomy vs. MAIA(®) prosthesis in 74 female patients]. Chir Main. 2013;32(2):55–62. Article in French. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.main.2013.02.004
  65. Jurča J, Němejc M, Havlas V. [Surgical Treatment for Advanced Rhizarthrosis. Comparison of Results of the Burton-Pellegrini Technique and Trapeziometacarpal Joint Arthroplasty]. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2016;83(1):27–31. Article in Czech.
  66. Vandenberghe L, Degreef I, Didden K, Fiews S, De Smet L. Long term outcome of trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction/tendon interposition versus thumb basal joint prosthesis. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2013;38(8):839–43. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1177/1753193412469010
  67. Cebrian-Gomez R, Lizaur-Utrilla A, Sebastia-Forcada E, Lopez-Prats FA. Outcomes of cementless joint prosthesis versus tendon interposition for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis: a prospective study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2019;44(2):151–8. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1177/1753193418787151
  68. Tchurukdichian A, Guillier D, Moris V, See LA, Macheboeuf Y. Results of 110 IVORY® prostheses for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis with a minimum follow-up of 10 years. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2020;45(5):458–64. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1177/1753193419899843
  69. Froschauer SM, Holzbauer M, Hager D, Schnelzer R, Kwasny O, Duscher D. Elektra prosthesis versus resection-suspension arthroplasty for thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: a long-term cohort study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2020;45(5):452–7. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1177/1753193419873230
  70. Froschauer SM, Holzbauer M, Schnelzer RF, Behawy M, Kwasny O, Aitzetmüller MM, et al. Total arthroplasty with Ivory® prosthesis versus resection-suspension arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study on 82 carpometacarpal-I osteoarthritis patients over 4 years. Eur J Med Res. 2020;25(1):13. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-020-00411-8
  71. Lussiez B, Ledoux P, Falaise C. Prothèse trapèze-métacarpienne à double mobilité: revue d’une série de 132 cas à plus de 1 an de recul [Dual-mobility trapezio-metacarpal prosthesis: Report of 132 first cases with a minimum follow-up of 1 year]. Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique. 2017;103(7):S61. Article in French. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcot.2017.09.092
  72. Remy S, Detrembleur C, Libouton X, Bonnelance M, Barbier O. Trapeziometacarpal prosthesis: an updated systematic review. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2020;39(6):492–501. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hansur.2020.08.005
  73. Russo S, Bernasconi A, Busco G, Sadile F. Treatment of the trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis by arthroplasty with a pyrocarbon implant. Int Orthop. 2016;40(7):1465–71. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-015-3016-z
  74. Barrera-Ochoa S, Vidal-Tarrason N, Correa-Vázquez E, Reverte-Vinaixa MM, Font-Segura J, Mir-Bullo X. Pyrocarbon interposition (PyroDisk) implant for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis: minimum 5-year follow-up. J Hand Surg Am. 2014;39(11):2150–60. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.07.011
  75. Erne HC, Schmauß D, Cerny M, Schmauss V, Ehrl D, Löw S, et al. Resektionsarthroplastik nach Lundborg vs. Pyrocarbon-Spacer (Pyrocardan®) bei fortgeschrittener Rhizarthrose – Eine Zwei-Center-Studie [Lundborg’s resection arthroplasty vs. Pyrocarbon spacer (Pyrocardan®) for the treatment of trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis: a two-centre study]. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 2017;49(3):175–80. Article in German. dio:.https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-115220
  76. Oh WT, Chun YM, Koh IH, Shin JK, Choi YR, Kang HJ. Tendon versus Pyrocarbon Interpositional Arthroplasty in the Treatment of Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis. BioMed Res Int. 2019;2019:7961507. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7961507
  77. Gerace E, Royaux D, Gaisne E, Ardouin L, Bellemère P. Pyrocardan® implant arthroplasty for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2020;39(6):528–38. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hansur.2020.09.003
  78. Odella S, Querenghi AM, Sartore R, DE Felice A, Dacatra U. Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis: pyrocarbon interposition implants. Joints. 2015;2(4):154–8.
  79. Lauwers TM, Brouwers K, Staal H, Hoekstra LT, van der Hulst RR. Early outcomes of Pyrocardan® implants for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2016;35(6):407–12. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hansur.2016.09.004
  80. Gauthier E, Truffandier MV, Gaisne E, Bellemère P. Treatment of scaphotrapeziotrapezoid osteoarthritis with the Pyrocardan® implant: Results with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2017;36(2):113–21. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hansur.2017.01.003
  81. De Smet L, Van Meir N, Verhoeven N, Degreef I. Is there still a place for arthrodesis in the surgical treatment of basal joint osteoarthritis of the thumb? Acta Orthop Belg. 2010;76(6):719–24.
  82. Rizzo M, Moran SL, Shin AY. Long-term outcomes of trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis in the management of trapeziometacarpal arthritis. J Hand Surg Am. 2009;34(1):20–6. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.09.022
  83. Hartigan BJ, Stern PJ, Kiefhaber TR. Thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: arthrodesis compared with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83(10):1470–8. doi:.https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200110000-00002
  84. Taylor EJ, Desari K, D’Arcy JC, Bonnici AV. A comparison of fusion, trapeziectomy and silastic replacement for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint. J Hand Surg [Br]. 2005;30(1):45–9. doi:.https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHSB.2004.08.006

Most read articles by the same author(s)