Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Systematic review

Vol. 148 No. 4546 (2018)

The Duke minor criterion "predisposing heart condition" in native valve infective endocarditis – a systematic review

  • Annina E. Buechi
  • Mario Hoffmann
  • Stephan Zbinden
  • Andrew Atkinson
  • Parham Sendi
DOI
https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2018.14675
Cite this as:
Swiss Med Wkly. 2018;148:w14675
Published
15.11.2018

Summary

BACKGROUND

The term “predisposition” is used as an indication of antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis and as a criterion for diagnosing infective endocarditis according to the modified Duke criteria. The criterion for diagnosing infective endocarditis in native valves is not well defined.

OBJECTIVES

To identify conditions that increase the risk for infective endocarditis in native valves, for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis according to the modified Duke criteria. In parallel, we compared the results with the year of patient inclusion for each study and echocardiographic techniques.

RESULTS

Our systematic review included 207 studies published from January 1970 to August 2015. Studies that focused on mitral valve prolapse (112 studies), prior infective endocarditis (96) and bicuspid aortic valve (78) provided the most data. However, only six (5.3%), three (3.1%) and one (1.3%) of these studies, respectively, used analytical statistical methods. Three (2.7%), two (2.1%) and one (1.3%), respectively, were graded as good quality studies. Odds ratios (ORs) for developing infective endocarditis were 3.5–8.2 for mitral valve prolapse, and 2.2 and 2.8 for prior infective endocarditis. The hazard ratio for developing infective endocarditis was 6.3 for bicuspid aortic valve. The mean prevalence proportion of infective endocarditis in patients with these three heart conditions were 8.5% (mitral valve prolapse), 8.3% (prior infective endocarditis) and 8.8% (bicuspid aortic valve). The proportions of publications prior to the publication of the modified Duke criteria were 81.8, 75.6 and 74%, respectively. Evolution of the imaging method and echocardiographic technique was estimated to be considerable for mitral valve prolapse. The literature review on aortic valve stenosis (46 studies), mitral valve insufficiency (41) and aortic valve insufficiency (39) provided two analytical studies for aortic stenosis. One study was graded as good quality and reported a hazard ratio 4.9. The mean prevalence of these heart conditions in patients with infective endocarditis were 7.3, 19.9 and 10.2%, respectively. The proportions of publications prior to the publication of the modified Duke criteria were 78, 75.6 and 79.5%, respectively. The evolution of both the echocardiographic technique and the categorisation of valve disease severity was considerable for all three entities.

CONCLUSIONS

The evidence for native valve heart conditions predisposing to infective endocarditis is mainly based on studies with only descriptive statistics published prior to the release of the modified Duke criteria. Mitral valve prolapse, prior infective endocarditis and bicuspid aortic valve are frequently cited as predisposing heart conditions for infective endocarditis. The evolution in echocardiographic techniques over the past decades and its influence on diagnosis was considerable for mitral valve prolapse, aortic stenosis, mitral insufficiency and aortic insufficiency.

References

  1. Pant S, Patel NJ, Deshmukh A, Golwala H, Patel N, Badheka A, et al. Trends in infective endocarditis incidence, microbiology, and valve replacement in the United States from 2000 to 2011. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(19):2070–6. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.518
  2. Cherubin CE, Neu HC. Infective endocarditis at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York City from 1938-1967. Am J Med. 1971;51(1):83–96. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(71)90326-3
  3. Clemens JD, Horwitz RI, Jaffe CC, Feinstein AR, Stanton BF. A controlled evaluation of the risk of bacterial endocarditis in persons with mitral-valve prolapse. N Engl J Med. 1982;307(13):776–81. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198209233071302
  4. Beton DC, Brear SG, Edwards JD, Leonard JC. Mitral valve prolapse: an assessment of clinical features, associated conditions and prognosis. Q J Med. 1983;52(206):150–64.
  5. McKinsey DS, Ratts TE, Bisno AL. Underlying cardiac lesions in adults with infective endocarditis. The changing spectrum. Am J Med. 1987;82(4):681–8. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(87)90001-5
  6. Weinberger I, Rotenberg Z, Zacharovitch D, Fuchs J, Davidson E, Agmon J. Native valve infective endocarditis in the 1970s versus the 1980s: underlying cardiac lesions and infecting organisms. Clin Cardiol. 1990;13(2):94–8. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960130206
  7. Büchi AE, Hoffmann M, Zbinden S, Sendi P. Infective Endocarditis: How Do We Currently Interpret the Duke Minor Criterion “Predisposing Heart Condition” in Native Valves? Cardiol Ther. 2017;6(1):121–8. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1007/s40119-016-0074-2
  8. Li JS, Sexton DJ, Mick N, Nettles R, Fowler VG, Jr, Ryan T, et al. Proposed modifications to the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30(4):633–8. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1086/313753
  9. Von Reyn CF, Levy BS, Arbeit RD, Friedland G, Crumpacker CS. Infective endocarditis: an analysis based on strict case definitions. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94(4 pt 1):505–18. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-4-505
  10. Moher D, Altman DG, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J. PRISMA statement. Epidemiology. 2011;22(1):128, author reply 128. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181fe7825
  11. Büchi AE, Hoffmann M. Infective endocarditis: What are predisposing conditions in native valves? https://boris.unibe.ch/105476/: Universität Bern; 2017.
  12. Devereux RB, Hawkins I, Kramer-Fox R, Lutas EM, Hammond IW, Spitzer MC, et al. Complications of mitral valve prolapse. Disproportionate occurrence in men and older patients. Am J Med. 1986;81(5):751–8. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(86)90339-6
  13. Danchin N, Briancon S, Mathieu P, Dureux J-B, Voiriot P, Bairati I, et al. Mitral valve prolapse as a risk factor for infective endocarditis. Lancet. 1989;333(8641):743–5. [doi:. ].https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(89)92571-3
  14. Strom BL, Abrutyn E, Berlin JA, Kinman JL, Feldman RS, Stolley PD, et al. Dental and cardiac risk factors for infective endocarditis. A population-based, case-control study. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129(10):761–9. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-10-199811150-00002
  15. MacMahon SW, Hickey AJ, Wilcken DE, Wittes JT, Feneley MP, Hickie JB. Risk of infective endocarditis in mitral valve prolapse with and without precordial systolic murmurs. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59(1):105–8. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(87)80080-2
  16. Zuppiroli A, Rinaldi M, Kramer-Fox R, Favilli S, Roman MJ, Devereux RB. Natural history of mitral valve prolapse. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75(15):1028–32. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(99)80718-8
  17. Bonow RO, Carabello B, de Leon AC, Edmunds LH, Jr, Fedderly BJ, Freed MD, et al. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease. Executive Summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease). J Heart Valve Dis. 1998;7(6):672–707.
  18. Todd AJ, Leslie SJ, Macdougall M, Denvir MA. Clinical features remain important for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis in the modern era. QJM. 2006;99(1):23–31. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hci150
  19. Alagna L, Park LP, Nicholson BP, Keiger AJ, Strahilevitz J, Morris A, et al. Repeat endocarditis: analysis of risk factors based on the International Collaboration on Endocarditis - Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(6):566–75. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12395
  20. Verheugt CL, Uiterwaal CS, van der Velde ET, Meijboom FJ, Pieper PG, Veen G, et al. Turning 18 with congenital heart disease: prediction of infective endocarditis based on a large population. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(15):1926–34. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq485
  21. Nanda NC, Gramiak R, Manning J, Mahoney EB, Lipchik EO, DeWeese JA. Echocardiographic recognition of the congenital bicuspid aortic valve. Circulation. 1974;49(5):870–5. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.49.5.870
  22. Gersony WM, Hayes CJ, Driscoll DJ, Keane JF, Kidd L, O’Fallon WM, et al. Bacterial endocarditis in patients with aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, or ventricular septal defect. Circulation. 1993;87(2, Suppl):I121–6.
  23. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC, Faxon DP, Freed MD, et al., Society of Thoracic Surgeons. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2006;114(5):e84–e231. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.176857
  24. Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, Grayburn PA, Kraft CD, Levine RA, et al.; American Society of Echocardiography. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16(7):777–802. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-7317(03)00335-3
  25. Rognon R, Kehtari R, Francioli P. Individual value of each of the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 1999;5(7):396–403. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.1999.tb00163.x
  26. Durante-Mangoni E, Bradley S, Selton-Suty C, Tripodi MF, Barsic B, Bouza E, et al.; International Collaboration on Endocarditis Prospective Cohort Study Group. Current features of infective endocarditis in elderly patients: results of the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Prospective Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(19):2095–103. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.168.19.2095
  27. Habib G, Derumeaux G, Avierinos JF, Casalta JP, Jamal F, Volot F, et al. Value and limitations of the Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33(7):2023–9. [doi:.].https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00116-3

Most read articles by the same author(s)