TY - JOUR AU - Glatz, Nicolas AU - Chappuis, Aline AU - Conen, David AU - Erne, Paul AU - Péchère-Bertschi, Antoinette AU - Guessous, Idris AU - Forni, Valentina AU - Gabutti, Luca AU - Muggli, Franco AU - Gallino, Augusto AU - Hayoz, Daniel AU - Binet, Isabelle AU - Suter, Paolo AU - Paccaud, Fred AU - Bochud, Murielle AU - Burnier, Michel AU - Swiss Medical Weekly, PY - 2017/02/17 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Associations of sodium, potassium and protein intake with blood pressure and hypertension in Switzerland JF - Swiss Medical Weekly JA - Swiss Med Wkly VL - 147 IS - 0708 SE - Original article DO - 10.4414/smw.2017.14411 UR - https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/2276 SP - w14411 AB - <p><strong>BACKGROUND</strong> <p>Nutritional factors play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and in the development of hypertension. In this analysis, we explored the associations of 24-hour urinary Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> and urea excretion with blood pressure levels and the risk of hypertension in the Swiss population, taking regional linguistic differences into account.</p> <strong>METHODS</strong> <p>The Swiss Survey on Salt is a population based cross-sectional study that included 1336 subjects from the three main linguistic regions (French, German and Italian) of Switzerland. Blood pressure was measured with a validated oscillometric Omron HEM 907 device. Hypertension was defined as current antihypertensive treatment or a mean systolic blood pressure &gt;140 mm Hg and/or diastolic &gt;90 mm Hg, based on eight blood pressure measurements performed at two visits. Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> and urea excretion were assessed in 24-hour urine collections. We use multiple logistic/linear regressions to explore the associations of urine Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> and urea with blood pressure / hypertension, taking into account potential confounders and effect modifiers.</p> <strong>RESULTS</strong> <p>The prevalence of hypertension was 30%, 26% and 17% in the German-, French- and Italian- speaking regions respectively, (p-value across regions &lt;0.001). In the Swiss adult population, besides age, sex, and body mass index, urinary Na<sup>+</sup> excretion was positively associated with systolic blood pressure and hypertension. Urinary K<sup>+</sup> excretion tended to be negatively associated with blood pressure but this was not significant (p = 0.08). Hypertensive people had a higher 24-hour urinary Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ratio than normotensive people (p = 0.003). Urinary urea excretion was associated with neither blood pressure nor hypertension. Participants from the German-speaking region had a higher likelihood of having a high systolic blood pressure.</p> <strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong> <p>We confirm a high prevalence of elevated blood pressure in Swiss adults, including regional differences. In Switzerland, urinary Na<sup>+</sup> excretion is associated positively with blood pressure and hypertension, independently of urinary K<sup>+</sup> and urea excretion. The observed differences in blood pressure levels across linguistic regions are independent of the urinary Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> and urea excretion.</p></p> ER -