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Original article

Vol. 145 No. 3132 (2015)

Clinical characteristics and outcomes in children hospitalised with pandemic influenza A/H1N1/09 virus infection – a nationwide survey by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Group of Switzerland

  • Andres Hagerman
  • Klara M. Posfay-Barbe
  • Andrea Duppenthaler
  • Ulrich Heininger
  • Christoph Berger
  • - The PIGS Influenza Study Group
DOI
https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2015.14171
Cite this as:
Swiss Med Wkly. 2015;145:w14171
Published
26.07.2015

Summary

OBJECTIVE: To describe all patients admitted to children’s hospitals in Switzerland with a diagnosis of influenza A/H1N1/09 virus infection during the 2009 influenza pandemic, and to analyse their characteristics, predictors of complications, and outcome.

METHODS: All patients ≤18-years-old hospitalised in eleven children’s hospitals in Switzerland between June 2009 and January 2010 with a positive influenza A/H1N1/09 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal specimen were included.

RESULTS: There were 326 PCR-confirmed patients of whom 189 (58%) were younger than 5 years of age, and 126 (38.7%) had one or more pre-existing medical condition. Fever (median 39.1 °C) was the most common sign (85.6% of all patients), while feeding problems (p = 0.003) and febrile seizures (p = 0.016) were significantly more frequent in children under 5 years. In 142 (43.6%) patients there was clinical suspicion of a concomitant bacterial infection, which was confirmed in 36 patients (11%). However, severe bacterial infection was observed in 4% of patients. One third (n = 108, 33.1%) of the patients were treated with oseltamivir, 64 (59.3%, or 20% overall) within 48 hours of onset of symptoms. Almost half of the patients (45.1%) received antibiotics for a median of 7 days. Twenty patients (6.1%) required intensive care, mostly for complicated pneumonia (50%) without an underlying medical condition. The median duration of hospitalisation was 2 days (range 0–39) for 304 patients. Two children (<15 months of age with underlying disease) died.

CONCLUSIONS: Although pandemic influenza A/H1N1/09 virus infection in children is mostly mild, it can be severe, regardless of past history or underlying disease.

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