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Original article

Vol. 144 No. 3132 (2014)

Impact of Body Mass Index on mortality in Swiss hospital patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: does an obesity paradox exist?

  • Fabienne Witassek
  • Matthias Schwenkglenks
  • Paul Erne
  • Dragana Radovanovic
DOI
https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2014.13986
Cite this as:
Swiss Med Wkly. 2014;144:w13986
Published
27.07.2014

Summary

BACKGROUND: The obesity paradox refers to the phenomenon that obese patients seem to have a better outcome than normal weight patients in a variety of disease conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODS: Between January 2005 and July 2012, the Swiss AMIS Plus registry enrolled 6,938 patients with acute STEMI who underwent PCI. These patients were stratified into 5 BMI groups according to the classification system of the World Health Organisation. The odds for in-hospital mortality according to BMI groups were analysed using logistic regression with normal weight patients as the reference.

RESULTS: Crude in-hospital mortality rates showed a U-shaped distribution between BMI groups, with the lowest mortality in obese class I patients (2.0%) and the highest mortality in underweight patients (9.0%). The odds for in-hospital mortality were significantly lower for obese class I (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.35–0.91) and significantly higher for underweight patients (OR 2.72; 95% CI 1.14–6.48) compared to the normal weight group and odds ratios showed a U-shaped distribution. After adjustment for covariates, the odds ratios maintained a U-shape distribution albeit the differences between BMI groups were no longer significant.

CONCLUSION: This study showed that the lower crude in-hospital mortality of obese class I patients can be partly explained by lower age and lower co-morbidity rates. However, further studies are needed to investigate favourable factors associated with class I obesity.

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